CNC
Limiting spindle speed and Constant cutting speed – what’s the connection ?
When cutting in the constant cutting speed mode, as the tool moves towards the axis, the spindle speed increases. See these earlier posts for explanations: Constant surface speed – benefits and Cutting speed and RPM – difference. The animation below shows how the spindle speed changes as the tool moves towards the axis in facing.
The spindle speed N in RPM is calculated using this equation, where V is the cutting speed and D is the diameter at which the tool is cutting.
At a cutting speed of 250, at 30 mm. diameter the RPM would be 2652. At 20 dia. the RPM would be 3978. At 1 mm. dia. the RPM would be 79,577.
At a certain diameter the spindle speed goes beyond the machine’s capability. At the axis of the part, in fact, the RPM would theoretically be infinity (D is zero). The machine however has a certain maximum spindle RPM, so in the CNC program we need to specify what this maximum is. This is specified as the Limiting spindle speed. When the spindle speed reaches this value, the controller clamps it at this speed and the rest of the motion is done at a constant spindle speed equal to the limiting speed. E.g., if we want to cut at a constant cutting speed of 250 m/min and limit the RPM to 3000, for Fanuc we would write this:
G96 S250
G92 S3000
So what should I program as the limiting spindle speed ?
If the part is held rigidly in the chuck and is circular, just set the limiting spindle speed to the machine’s maximum spindle RPM. If the part is non-circular or is held in a fixture that is not balanced, centrifugal forces might cause the part to fly off or damage the fixture. In such cases set the limiting spindle speed to a lower value determined by trial and error.
Etc.
Funny signs in zoos
I saw this warning in Mysore zoo some years ago. Obviously designed by someone with a sense of humour, with the right priorities. Progressing left to right, you can see that the guy in yellow is sitting on the fence in the frame on the left, then falling in the middle frame, and a couple of yellow things are visible in the frame at extreme right (haven’t been able to figure out what that means).
Mysore zoo has an even more weird memory for me. When I was about 13 years old I was spat at by a chimpanzee, full on the face. Just didn’t like my face I guess. Luckily I had a few female (human) admirers, or I would have ended up with a serious inferiority complex right there (“Even chimps don’t like my face ? Life’s not worth living !”).
Some more funny zoo signs that I came across on the web.
